Which of the following best illustrates the concept of an absolute threshold?
A person following the melody of a song
A scientist measuring the amount of light in a room
An artist choosing between two shades of blue
A person hearing the tick of a watch 20 feet away
Liz is lookng at a flower. What is the proximal stimulus?
The flower itself
The larger context of which the flower is a part
The image of the flower on her retina
The electrochemical coding for the flower
Suppose a female basketball player takes part in an experiment in which she wears glasses that shift her visual field to the right. If she puts on the glasses and starts shooting baskets, then what will happen?
She will immediately compensate and make baskets
She will gradually compensate and make baskets
She will be unable to compensate and so be unable to make baskets
Whether she can compensate depends on how good a player she is, and so results cannot be predicted
A shadow falls on the newspaper Vanilla Ice is reading, but Vanilla Ice does not seem to notice the change. This is an example of:
an absolute threshold
a contrast effect
perceptual constancy
distal stimulation
A researcher showed a drawing of a woman that could be perceived as young or as old to a group of participants. Participants were more likely to see the picture as a young woman if they:
had just seen pictures of other young women
were women themselves
were not anxious about growing old
were young
Sensation and perception are closely related processes. Which is affected by a person's culture and experiences?
both sensation and perception
only sensation
only perception
neither sensation nor perception
What is the method of constant stimuli used to determine?
absolute thresholds
difference thresholds
positive adaptation
negative adaptation
The reason that you probably stopped feeling the pressure of your clothes on your skin within a few minutes of dressing this morning was due to:
Weber's constant
desensitization
saturation
size constancy
What is the name for the opening in your eye through which light passes?
the iris
the retina
the pupil
the fovea
Janet is sitting in her garden at twilight. She can easily distinguish the shapes of flowers, but their colors seem to fade in the dusk. Why does this phenomenon occur?
Cones are less sensitive to light than rods
There are more cones than rods in the retina
The mixture of lights is an additive process
The fovea is less sensitive in low light conditions
The degree of purity of a color is called its:
hue
pitch
brightness
saturation
Which pairs of colors is complementary?
red and green
red and blue
red and orange
red and white
Your friend George is a dichromat. This means that he is:
totally color blind
able to see only black and white
partially color blind
totally blind. He cannot see anything.
You perceive these lines: ||||| ||||| as two groups of five, rather than as 10 separate lines due to the Gestalt principle of:
common fate
proximity
closure
openess
You are at a movie with a date. You want to impress your date with your knowledge of psychology, so you mention that the illusion of motion in a movie comes from:
the autokinetic effect
stroboscopic motion
the phi phenomenon
dark adaptation
your desire to never date again by calling attention to the fact that you are a BIG psychology GEEK!
Because you have learned that parallel lines converge as their distance from you increases, you know that this depth perception cue is known as:
interposition
shadowing
motion parallax
perspective
In the Muller-Lyer illusion, two lines are the same length, but the line with the reversed arrowheads appears longer. Our assumption that one line is longer is related to our experience and the principle of:
negative adaptation
opponent-process theory
size constancy
convergence
Visual acuity refers to our ability to:
see all the colors that make up visible light
determine how far away an object is
see objects in three dimensions rather than flat
discriminate visual details
The theory that the pitch of a sound is determined by the section of the basilar membrane that vibrates in response to the sound is the:
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
place theory
duplicity theory
Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary taste qualities?
salty
sweet
creamy
sour
What information do we get from the vestibular sense?
what the temperature of a substance is
where pain is coming from
whether our body is upright
what will happen in the future
Imagine a teaspoon of sugar is dissolved in two gallons of water. You can detect this level of sweetness at least half the time. This level is called the:
distal stimulus
perceptual constant
response bias
absolute threshold
Imagine that Dr. Whatley equips a baseball player with special glasses that shift the player's visual field up 10 degrees. When the player wears these glasses, the player sees everything higher than it actually is. After some practice, the player can hit the ball with the glasses on. What will happen when the player first tries to hit the ball with the glasses off?
He will think the ball is higher than it is
He will think the ball is lower than it is
He will accurately perceive the ball's position
It is impossible to predict an individual's reaction in this situation
Imagine a dog is walking toward you. As the dog gets closer, the image it casts on your retina:
gets larger
gets smaller
gets darker
stays exactly the same size
For some crazy reason, you want to paint your room yellow, so you get some samples at the paint store. When you hold the sample against your white wall, it looks different from the way it looks against the green curtain. A psychologist would attribute this to:
perceptual constancy
visual paradoxes
contrast effects
threshold differences
What are Weber's constants used to express?
difference thresholds
positive adaptation to constant stimuli
wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum
additive color mixtures
When you walk into the Colonial Mall at Valdosta, you are overwhelmed by a strange smell you cannot identify. After a few minutes, you are no longer aware of the smell. This process is called:
proximity
closure
sensitization
desensitization
The color of light, as determined by its wavelength, is called its:
brightness
pitch
hue
saturation
In the eye, the transparent body behind the iris that focuses an image on the retina is called the:
fovea
pupil
cornea
lens
Imagine that you are a spy on a mission in enemy territory on a dark night with no moon. You want your eyes to be completely adapted to the dark before you start out. How long should you wait?
5 minutes
15 minutes
45 minutes
2 hours
What is the major difference between the major theories of color vision?
locating color vision in rods or cones
specifying different types of color reception within cones
determining the number of types of color receptors
explaining primary versus tertiary colors
The Gestalt principle of continuity refers to our tendency to perceive:
figures rather than ground
elements that move together as belonging together
objects in groups when they are similar
a series of points or lines as having unity
You are at a baseball game on a date. Having ignored my earlier warning about announcing yourself as a psychology GEEK, you explain to your date that the apparent movement of the words "HOME RUN!" moving across the electronic scoreboard depends on the:
phi phenomenon
autokinetic effect
stroboscopic motion phenomenon
covergence of parallel lines
Although it is getting dark outside, you still perceive your friend's shirt as red. This is due to the phenomenon of:
desensitization
color constancy
brightness constancy
saturation
Which of the following is matched correctly with its location in the ear?
cochlea...outer ear
ear drum...inner ear
oval window...middle ear
organ of Corti...outer ear
Quentin Tarantino is researching the effect of pheromones on behavior for a movie he will be producing. With what sense is he primarily concerned?
hearing
taste
smell
touch
You are looking at attractive members of the opposite sex 15 feet away and they are clearly in focus. As you walk toward them, they remains in focus. They remain in focus because the ________ of your eyes are accommodating to the image of these attractive people by changing their shape.
corneas
irises
lenses
pupils
________ suggested that the eye must have three different types of cones, some sensitive to red, some to green, and some to blue.
Hermann von Helmholtz
Sir Isaac Newton
Ernst Weber
Ewald Hering
We have about ________ taste buds.
10
100
10,000
10,000,000
The view that pain messages may not get through to the brain when the switchboard that transmits pain messages becomes flooded is termed:
gate theory
opponent-process theory
the volley principle
acupuncture
You have normal color vision. You look at a strange flag that has a yellow background with black stars, and green and black stripes for 1-minute. Then, you shift your gaze to a white piece of paper. On this piece of white paper, you will see a:
red, white, and blue flag
no change
green, brown, and orange flag
pink, purple, and white flag
Which of the following is a chemical sense?
vision
hearing
smell
kinesthesis
Although Beaver was sitting right next to his brother Wally and Eddie Haskell, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, the Beaver has a slower ________ for skunk.
accommodation level
tolerance level
olfactory saturation level
absolute threshold
Consistent with Weber's law, if the just noticeable difference (j.n.d.) for a 10 pound weight is 1 pound, then the j.n.d. for an 80 pound weight would be ________ pound(s).
1
2
4
8
Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?
Rods
Cones
Feature detectors
Bipolar cells
The ability to simultaneously recognize the size, shape, color, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates:
kinesthesis
sensory interaction
parallel processing
subliminal perception
The analogy of a specific key fitting into a specific lock can be used to understand:
how neurons physically attach to one another
why there is only one type of neurotransmitter
how neurotransmitters bind to only certain receptors
the all-or-none response of the action potential
A young swimmer does not like to dive into the pool, because the water feels too cold. What would you advise the swimmer to do before diving into the pool so the water will feel less cold?
take a hot shower
take a cold shower
exercise vigorously
meditate
My wife has tried to talk to me when I am watching SouthPark, but I rarely hear a word she is saying. My experience best illustrates:
perceptual adaptation
perceptual constancy
the cocktail party phenomenon
the phi phenomenon
I get an "F" on my listening skills
As Mr. Greenjeans looked across his field, the parallel rows of young corn plants appeared to converge in the distance. This provides him with a distance cue known as: